HONOLULU, Hawaii (Achieve3000, November 10, 2009). What if you wreck coral reefs around Hawaii? It will cost you. Two years ago, the state began to fine those who damage corals. Why? Corals are important to Hawaii's environment. They are also important to tourism.
"People are going to have to be more careful out here…. [If corals keep] getting damaged, we're going to lose [them]," said Laura Thielen. She works for the state of Hawaii. "We have to take some very strong action or else it's going to be too late."
Is charging fines the best way to protect coral reefs? Hawaiian leaders think it is. The reefs give habitats to fish. They help protect shoreline areas during storms. Reefs also support snorkeling and scuba diving industries. Hawaii is home to 84 percent of U.S. corals. About 15 percent is found near the main Hawaiian Islands. They reach from Niihau to the Big Island. Another 69 percent is near the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands.
The reefs near the northwestern islands are in good shape. But corals near cities on the main Hawaiian Island are suffering. Why? Overfishing can harm corals. So can runoff from farms, waste, and other materials. Careless ocean users are another danger. Boaters and divers can kill a 500-year-old coral. How? Just by touching it. It takes just a few minutes.
In the past, the Hawaiian government almost never charged fines to people who harmed corals. Instead, people were taught about reefs. Leaders asked people to help with the cost of restoring damaged corals. These actions weren't enough, however. In June 2007, Hawaii charged its first-ever fine for breaking corals. It ordered a company to pay $7,300. Why? A boat entered a protected area and broke 11 corals.
Other fines have followed. Maui Snorkel Charters is paying the largest fine so far. In 2006, one of its tour boats sank. No one was hurt. But the company later caused even more damage by trying to bring up the boat. One scientist believes it will take 80 years for the corals to grow back. Maui Snorkel Charters must pay the state $396,000.
In another case, Hawaii plans to sue the U.S. Navy. The Navy damaged a 6- to 10-acre area of coral. How? A ship ran aground. The Navy has already spent nearly $40 million on ship repairs. It has also spent about $7 million restoring the reef.
Florida is also moving to protect its reefs. About 2 percent of U.S. coral is found there. This is more than any state besides Hawaii. In July 2009, Florida passed the Coral Reef Protection Act. People who damage coral reefs can be fined up to $250,000. The state can also sue for unlimited amounts of money. The fees for damaging corals are high. But the cost to the injured coral reefs, and the fish they support, is even higher. Tori Cullins lives in Hawaii. Her company shows tourists around the islands. Cullins supports fines. She says the fines may get people to think about their actions.
"Unless you hit people in the pocketbook, I don't think it's going to matter much," said Cullins.