Like you said, there is no single answer, but I will give a few pointers.
The DSB has to be super fine sugar sized/oolitic sand and the thicker the sandbed, the more effective it is... hence why its called DEEP sand bed. The sand is so fine so only super tiny dust particles might get into the sand. Don't expect a fish poop to just slide in. The sandbed should never be stirred or bothered. There are specific bacteria which live in low oxygen convert the nitrates to nitrogen which gets released into the air. A byproduct of that process is surphur. The only limitation is how much sulphur the sandbed can hold before your "set and forget" is compromised, which really depends on your bioload and how much you feed your tank. It can range anywhere from 3-10+ years which is longer then most people keeping their tank before upgrading or quitting the hobby.
DSB can add up to well over 100 pounds of sand
Macro algae is direct export of nutrients. No byproduct, except you need to trim it when it gets too dense. Also requiring a light unlike DSB
Both are limited by the space they take up. If you have a large fuge, both can be equally very effective on lowering the nutrients. I believe most people skimp on the size when they make either one though.