No, MAC addresses have L2 significance only. They are not included within the IP portion of a packet (unless it is an application that is purposely telling the server what its MAC address is, which is not something you do with internet traffic).
So when your machine sends out an ethernet frame, as soon as you get to the L3 boundary, the router takes the frame, strips off the MAC, puts its own MAC on, and forwards it out the destination port. The MAC is only relevant at the switch level as with every L3 hop the packet gets a new source MAC address.
The reason it is relevant in an ISP discussion is that the cable companies used to enforce the rule of 1 modem = 1 PC. Since the MAC addresses are assigned by the IEEE, the cable companies could look at the MAC OUI records, create a list of every MAC that was associated with Linksys, Netgear, Cisco, etc, and basically ban every address from that range. The manufacturers got wind of this and put in the MAC address cloning feature on the home routers that people buy, which allows you to take the MAC from your PC (which would be allowed by the cable company) and assign it to the internet port of the router, making the router look like the PC to the cable company.
But again, once it goes past a router, the MAC address of the host is lost, no significance and trying to filter on the remote side based on MAC addresses won't work.